Reciprocating engine.



M. SAVlO.

RECIPROCATING ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED DEC.17.I9I5.

2 SHEETSSHEET l,

Patented Mar. 26, 1918.

Inventor Md 0 78/6 Suva/'0. by 11 H w! M. SAVIO. RECIPROCATING ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED 050.17. 1915.

Patented Mar. 26,1918.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2- Inventor: [Vic/vale 5b v60 MICHELE SAVIO, OF TURIN, ITALY.

nncrrnocarme ENGINE.

I Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Ria 26 191% Application filed December 17, 1915. Serial m. 67,425.

gines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to automatic distributers intended to control the admission and exhaust of the operating fluid into and from the cylinders of reciprocating engines, particularly in engines driving air compressors or water pumps whichrequire to. have no outwardly projecting members.

The annexed drawings show by way of example some constructions of the distributer according to this invention. Figure 1 is a central section of one construction, the piston being at an intermediate point of its stroke; Fig. 2 is a central section, the piston being at one end of its stroke; Fig. 3 is the central section of a modified construction the engine piston being at one end of its stroke; Fig. 4 is the central section of the samethe piston being at an intermediate point of its stroke; Fig. 5 is a transverse section on X-X, Fig. 3.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the head 1 of the engine cylinder 1 is provided with the distributer casing 52 to which lead duct 3 feeding the operating fluid, ducts a and 5 each admitting into and discharging from the opposite ends of the cylinder said fluid,

exhaust duct 6 and finally an auxiliary duct 7 having a port 7 near to end of cylinder opposite to head 1, said port being cleared by piston 13 at the end of its stroke.

In the casing 2 is arranged the reciprocating distributer 8 having partitions forming chamber 4:, 5, 6', in connection wlth the wall of said casing and provided with a head 8' sliding in chamber 2.

The end of distributer 8 adjacent tothe cylinderhead 1 carries a tail 9 projecting into cylinder 1, and in the front wall of chamber 2 isprovided a valve 10 arranged in chamber 105 andhaving a stem 10 projecting into chamber 2". This valve controls the communication between duct 7' and duct 7" connecting chambers 2 and 10' being normallylclosed, while on the contrary it is raised when the head 8 occupies the position shownin Fig. 1 as the valve stem 10 bears on said head. Thus the fluid can reach the chamber 2 through duct 7 only during the interval between clearing of port 7 by piston 13 and the end of the stroke of the distributer 8 caused by the fluid coming in the chamber 2 through the duct 7".

For balancing the fluid pressures acting on partitions carried by the distributer 8 a chamber 11 is provided, this chamber.

communicating with the feeding duct 4 by the passage 11' and with space 2 inclosed between the distributer and bottom of its casing by means of passage 11"; said chamber 11 is controlled by a return valve 12 allowing the fluid to pass from duct 3 and chamber 11 into space 2".

A further passage is provided leading fromspace 2 to chamber 2 and having a return valve inserted therein; this passage may be conveniently provided in the stem of distributer 8 as shown in Fig. 1, and comprises ports 14:, duct 1 1 and a return valve 11 allowing the fluid to pass from space 2 to chamber 2.

In this manner when the distributer 8 moves away from the position shown in Fig. l to assume the position of Fig. 2 under the action of the fluid under pressure reaching the chamber 2 through the duct 7 no resistance is caused by the fluid in the space 2 as said fluid can pass in chamber 2 through hole 14, duct 14 and valve 14; raised by it. On the contrary when the distributer 8 is moved away from the position shown in Fig. '2 under the action of piston 13 on its tail 9, the fluid under pressure fed to chamber 2 does not prevent this motion of the distributer as said fluid can pass in the space 2 through duct 11' and valve 12 raised by its pressure, so that equal pressures exist on the opposite faces of the distributer 8.

The operation as follows :-The fluid under pressure fed by duct 3 acts on lower face of the head 8 of distributer 8, said head being arranged in chamber 2, soas to cause the same to take the position shown in Fig. 1. Then the fluid is admitted through port 3, chamber 4: and duct 4 into the cylinder 1 and operates the piston 13 in the direction shown by arrow in Fig. 1, duct 5 communicating with exhaust duct 6 through chamber 6. j

. When piston 13 is reaching the end of its stroke, the port 7 is cleared and fluid contained in the cylinder passes into duct 7 and thus the valve 10 being raised by the head 8 acting on its stem 10", comes into provided at oneend of the cylinder as above chamber 2 through chamber 10 and duct 7" so as to act on the upper surface of head 8 and drive the distributer 8 into the position shown in Fig. 2.

At the same time the valve 10 is caused t-obear-on its seatby the action-of the air cushion inclosed in the chamber in which its body is guided.

Then duct 4 is caused to communicate with exhaust duct 6 through chamber 6', and duct oleading to the opposite end of cylinder 1 is connected with feeding duct 3 through cha1nher-5., the pistonl3 being thus operated to move inthedirection of arrow in Fig. 2. -At the end of this stroke piston 13 drives the tail-9 so as to carry again. the distributer 8 in the position shown in Fig. 1, the described operation being repeated.

The pressures acting on opposite faces of partitions of the distributer 8 are always balanced during reciprocations of the same as when distributer Sis traveling from position shown in Fig. 1 into that shown in Fig. 2 thefiuid acting in space 2 is exhausted into chamber 2 through ports 14", passage 14 and valve 14:, and when the distributer reaches said position fluid is admitted into space 2 through duct 11, chamber 11 and duct 11.

The construction illustrated in Figs. 3,4, 5,-comprises a cylinder 1 provided with piston 13 and head 1 carrying the casing 2 for the distributer; this latter comprises feedingduct 3, exhaust duct (3,aux1l1ary duct 7 and ducts 1 and 5 leading from said casing to the two ends of the cyhnder. The distributing member consists of a sllde 12 secured to a rod 12 having heads 8 and 8" mounted to reciprocate in chamber 2 and in casing2 respectively. The slide 12 is intended to connect in proper succession the ducts 4 and -5leading to the two ends of cylinder 1 with feeding duct 3 and exhaust duct 6, and the passage 7 opening lnto the upper end of chamber 2 leads to a port 7 described.

The lower head 8 1S provlded wlth a recess 15 communicating with chamber 16 of easing 2 through holes 16, and plug 17 is 10- cated in said recess, a valve 18 being seated in it so as to cause recess 15 and chamber 16 to communicate with space 2 when re- .quired. The valve 18 is normally forced 55 ated by tail 9; projecting into cylinder 1 and against its seat by a spring 19 and is oper- :having a flange 20 intended to bear against the lower surface of'plug 17 in order to raise the same and slide 12 connected therewith'as a whole.

Apassage 21 is provided between space 2" and exhaustduct 6, this passage having an area less than that of valve passage.

The operation is as follows :-Tlie fluid is fed through duct 3'and port 3 into chamber 16 of easing 2 and raises head 8 together with slide 12 in the position shown in Fig. 1:, said slide connecting duct 5 with exhaust iia'ssagedand duct 41 being fed with fluid from chamber 16. The piston is thus operated in the direction of the arrow and when the same is reaching the lower end of its stroke it "clears'port'i, fluid being thus enabled to pass into duct 7 and to act on the upper surface of head 8 so as to drive the same. and slide 12, for said upper surface has a larger area than lower one, and there is no counter-pressure in chamber 2 as the same is connected withexhaust duct 6 by passage 21. The slide 12 being thus carried into the position shown in Fig. 3, the upper chamber of the cylinder is connected with tlieexhaustdu'ct 6 through passage 4: and slide 12, and fluid is caused to act on the lower face of piston 13 through port 3, chamber'lG and duct 5, said piston being thus operated in the direction of the arrow inFig. 3. The slide valve 12 and piston head '8 are unable to be raised by unbalanced 'pressiire'acting in the chamber 16 dur ing the time in which the port 7 and passage 7 are in communication with the 'upper c'hamberof the cylinder and With'the exhaust duct, as the rate of exhaust from the passage 7 is slow,and the port 7 is quickly closed by piston 13 immediately the same begins its reciprocation, said port 7 being then in'cominunication with the lower chamber of the cylinder in which the fluid under pressure is fed by duct 5.

On the piston 13 reaching the upper end of its stroke it impinges tail 9 so as-to open valve 18 thus causing fluid to pass into space 2 and balance'p'artially thepressure acting on upperfaceof the head 8 and finally drives said head 8 and slide 12 bythe flange 20 and carries again the slide 12 into position shown in Fig. 1, the described operation to secure by U. S. Letters Patent is 1. Influid engines, a cylinder, =a piston reciprocating therein, a casing provided with fluid feeding and exhausting ducts -on said cylinder,passages'leading from the two ends of said cylinder tdsaid'casirig, a member communicate in proper succession, a piston head on one end of sald member, a chamber in whichsald p ston head 'reclp'rocatesthis reciprocating in said casing, means on said member to cause said'passagesand ductsto chamber'communicatingwith the fluid feed ingduct, an auxiliary duct'leading from one member, means for feeding compressed fluid cylinder, passages leading from the two ends in the space between the bottom of said casing and said guiding head on said reciprocating member being driven by the piston, and means for discharging said fluid.

2. In fluid engines, a cylinder, a. piston reciprocating therein, a casing provided with fluid feeding and exhausting ducts on said of said cylinder to said casing, a member reciprocating in said casing, means on said member to cause said passages and ducts to communicate in proper succession, a piston head on one end of said member, and chamber in which said piston head reciprocates, this chamber communicating with the fluid feeding duct, an auxiliary duct leading from one end of the cylinder to said chamber and opening therein at the opposite side of the piston head, a guiding head on the opposite end of said reciprocating member having means actuated by the piston to drive said member, means on said guiding head for feeding compressed fluid between the same and the bottom of the casing on said recipro cating member being driven by the piston and means for discharging said fluid.

3. In fluid engines, a cylinder, a piston reciprocating therein, a casing provided with fluid feeding and exhausting ducts on said cylinder, passages leading from the two ends of said cylinder to said casing, a member reciprocating in said casing, means on said member to cause said passages and ducts to communicate in proper succession, a piston head on one end of said reciprocating member, a chamber in which said piston head reciprocates, this chamber communicating with the fluid feeding duct, an auxiliary duct leading from one end of the cylinder copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each,

to said chamber and opening therein at the opposite side of the piston head, a guiding head on the opposite end of said reciprocating member having means actuated by the piston to drive said member, a normally closed valve in said guiding head operating to connect the fluid feeding duct with the space between said guiding head and the bottom of the casing, means for opening said valve on the reciprocating member being driven by the piston and means for exhausting said fluid.

l. In fluid engines, a cylinder, apiston reciprocating therein, a casing provided with fluid feeding and exhausting ducts on said. cylinder, passages leading from the two ends of said cylinder to said casing, a member reciprocating in said casing, means on said member to cause said passages and ducts to communicate in proper succession, a piston head on one end of said reciprocating member, a chamber in which said piston reciprocates, this chamber communicating with the fluid feeding duct, an auxiliary duct leading from one end of the cylinder to said chamber and opening therein at the opposite side of the piston head, a guiding head on the opposite end of said reciprocating member, a normally closed valve in said guiding head operating to connect the fluid feeding duct with the space between said guiding head and the bottom of the casing, a tail projecting from said valve into the cylinder to be operated by the piston, means on said tail intended to engage the guiding head to drive the reciprocating member after opening of said valve, and means for exhausting said fluid.

Signed at Turin, Italy, this 27th day of November, A. D. 1915.

MICHELE SAVIO.

Witnesses:

C. L. FEYLES, MAN. TUTAY.

by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G. a 

